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Stress

Basically, stress is a fact of nature—forces from the outside world affecting the individual. The individual responds to stress in ways that affect the individual as well as their environment. As a biological term, it refers to the consequences of the failure of a human or animal body to respond appropriately to emotional or physical threats to the organism, whether its actual or imagined. It is "the autonomic response to environmental stimulus, whereas, a citation is needed.

All living creatures are in a constant interchange with their environment; both physically and behaviorally. This interplay of forces, or energy, is present in the relationships between all matter in the universe, whether it's living (animate) or non-living (inanimate). However, there are critical differences in how different living creatures relate to their environment. These differences have far-reaching consequences for survival. Because of the overabundance of stress in our modern lives, we usually think of stress as a negative experience, but from a biological point of view, stress can be a neutral, negative, or positive experience.

Stress includes a state of alarm and adrenaline production, short-term resistance as a coping mechanism, and exhaustion. It refers to the inability of a human or animal body to respond. Common stress symptoms include irritability, muscular tension, inability to concentrate and a variety of physical reactions, such as headaches and accelerated heart rate.

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Origin and terminology of Stress

First used by the endocrinologist Hans Selye in the 1930s, the term "stress" was to identify physiological responses in laboratory animals. Later, he broadened and popularized the concept to include the perceptions and responses of humans trying to adapt to the challenges of everyday life. In Selye's terminology, "stress" refers to the reaction of the organism, and "stressor" to the perceived threat.

Stress may be experienced positively in certian circumstances. For example, Eustress can be an adaptive response prompting the activation of internal resources to meet challenges and achieve goals.

The term is commonly used by laypersons in a metaphorical rather than literal or biological sense, as a catch-all for any perceived difficulties in life. Also, it becames an euphemism. This becomes a way of referring to problems and eliciting sympathy without being explicitly confessional. For example, just "stressed out". Also, stress covers an enormous range of phenomena. This ranges from mild irritation to the kinds of severe problems that might result in a real health breakdown. In popular usage, almost any event or situation between these extremes could be described as stressful.

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